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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why are fuels important to human beings? | because they are key to the provision of movement (cars, equipment), warmth, and electricity |
| What is the impact on society of a rise in crude oil prices? | the impact is huge with prices of most things rising because oil is fundamental to so much of the transport and product systems of a country |
| Describe the physical appearance of crude oil. | it is a dark, smelly liquid |
| What does crude oil contain? | it is a mixture of many different compounds most of which are carbon based |
| What is the main group of compounds in crude oil? | hydrocarbons |
| What is a hydrocarbon? | a compound that is made of carbon and hydrogen only |
| Is crude oil renewable or non-renewable? | it is a finite resource that will one day run out so non-renewable |
| Why does carbon form so many families of similar compounds? | because carbon is able to form chains and rings that act as the skeletons of organic molecules |
| Where is crude oil found? | underneath impermeable rock that is underground or beneath the sea |
| What conditions are required to form crude oil? | high temperature, high pressure, and no oxygen |
| Describe the formation of crude oil formed |
• tiny sea animals animals and plants, mainly plankton, fall to the seabed • layer after layer of mud covers these dead creatures • the growing weight of the layers compresses the mud to form rock • the weight of the rock produces high temperatures and pressures under the rock • over millions of years, in the absence of oxygen, the remains of the organisms are converted to crude oil |
| Why is crude oil from the ground not much use? | it is a mixture of too many substances |
| What must be done to crude oil to make it useful? | it must be separated into different substances with similar boiling points |
| What is each portion called that crude oil is separated into? | a fraction |
| What is the process called by which crude oil is separated into fractions? | fractional distillation |
| What physical property does distillation use to separate mixtures of liquids? | boiling point |
| What are organic family of chemicals do most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil belong to? | alkanes |
| Name the first ten alkanes. |
• methane CH4 • ethane C2H6 • propane C3H8 • butane C4H10 • pentane C5H12 • hexane C6H14 • heptane C7H16 • octane C8H18 • nonane C9H20 • decane C10H22 |
| Write the general formula for alkanes. | CnH2n + 2 |
| What type of hydrocarbons are alkanes? | saturated hydrocarbons |
| What does being saturated mean about alkanes? | they contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule i.e. no more hydrogen atoms can be added |
| Describe the carbon-carbon bonds in alkanes. | they are all single carbon-carbon bonds |
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